Unklare Verhaltensvorgaben

blechtram

Toller Ausdruck der Woche: Pluralis sanitatis

Fundort: Burger, Hermann: Die künstliche Mutter.
Frankfurt/M.: Fischer 1982. S. 166.

Pluralis sanitatis, also die Verwendung der ersten Person Plural in Sätzen wie „Wie geht es uns denn heute?“ oder „Hatten wir Stuhlgang?“ – toll, habe ich zuerst bei Hermann Burger gesehen und ihm automatisch auch sofort die Urheberschaft zugeschrieben, da es zu seinen anderen poeto-grammatischen Spielereien passt, etwa den konjunktivischen Substantiven („Töd“ als möglicherweise eintretender Tod in Schilten und derlei).

Ich wurde belehrt: Das scheint ein bekanntes linguistisches Konzept zu sein, ganz analog dem bekannteren Pluralis majestatis. Der Duden beschreibt ihn auch als „Krankenschwesternplural„, erwähnt dazu noch den Pluralis modestiae, wenn jemand „wir“ statt „ich“ sagt, um die eigene Person etwas zurückzunehmen – ungefähr, wenn eine Politikerin eine Stichwahl gewinnt und dann „Wir waren von Anfang an zuversichtlich und haben das jetzt geschafft“ sagt.

Der Pluralis modestiae wird oft mit dem Pluralis auctoris ungefähr gleichgesetzt. Das ist die im Deutschen langsam aussterbende Angewohnheit, „wir“ in (vor allem) akademischen Texten zu verwenden („In diesem Kapitel werden wir zeigen“, „Damit wären wir am Schluss unserer Ausführungen“), die sich im Französischen meiner Erfahrung nach aber noch beinahe selbstverständlicher Verwendung erfreut…

Daran angelehnt gibt es noch einen Pluralis societatis, wie mir der dritte Teil des Buches Sprachgeschichte (Hg. Werner Besch, Anne Betten, Oskar Reichmann, Stefan Sonderegger) mitteilt. Das ist, wenn eine Rednerin oder Autorin bei ihren Ausführungen das Publikum mit einbezieht. Das Buch benennt darüber hinaus auch den Pluralis reverentiae, 2. Person Plural („Eure Majestät“).

Ich bin neulich wieder auf diesen Plural gestossen, in Elio Pellins verspieltem Kurzroman Der Himmel als Abgrund über euch. Pellin fügt den genannten noch eine weitere Mehrzahl hinzu, den Pluralis praegnationis (13. Kapitel):

Link zur Blog-Version des Romans

Das ist eine Neuschöpfung, soweit ich sehe, und es geht ungefähr darum, ob die hier sprechende Salomé von Erlach, da sie schwanger ist, mit grösserer Berechtigung einen der anderen hier disktuierten Plurale verwendet.

Wie dem auch sei: Pluralis sanitatis, wunderbar, nicht von Burger erfunden und auch nicht der einzige kuriose Plural.

blechtram

Kontige Objekte: Duden vs. Klopapier

Diese Wörter wurden laut der Online-Duden-Webseite so ungefähr Mitte März 2020 „häufig nachgeschlagen“. Natürlich (und hier für die Nachwelt): Das sind die Wörter bzw. Produkte, ohne die es die Welt zu jener Märzenzeit nicht durch die Corona-Krise geschafft hätte. Bei Google-Trends erstaunt eine solche Suche also nicht unbedingt (man muss ja googeln, ob’s im Supermarkt um die Ecke noch „Reis“ gibt und wieviel 500 Gramm „Pasta“ jetzt kosten). Bei einem Wörterbuch ist die Schlagwortsuche doch kurios. Meine erste Annahme war, dass der Online-Duden einfach schummelt und sich die Wörter bei Google Trends o.ä. besorgt hat – das hat aber nur sehr bedingt mit den Google Trends jener Zeit übereingestimmt („Klopapier“ wurde tatsächlich wie verrück gegoogelt, aber z.B. für „Pasta“ habe ich keine entsprechende Google-Statistik gefunden). Jedenfalls liegt die Vermutung nahe, dass die „häufig nachgeschlagenen Wörter“ mehr oder weniger stark kuratiert sind. Das ist ja auch sinnvoll, sonst würden dort konsequent Dinge wie „wi(e)dersprechen“ und „R(h)yt(h)mus“ die Charts anführen. Ich hab mal beim Duden nachgefragt:

Die Antwort steht noch aus. Es bleibt spannend: Klopapier. Pasta. Pesto. Reis.

blechtram

Youtube Comments Out of Context: Sixth Week

  1. if  Donald  „LOSE*  He can be Next  Romero   Clown Zombie  Star
  2. But wait. Didn’t the mouse in the striped shirt eventually get married, have kids, and grandchildren? It’s almost as if the makers of this movie didn’t give two shits about what they were making, or something.
  3. I got it alright. You see, the Internet doesn’t really have the future. Internet is always just a distraction.
  4. stupid luck reaction specifically fast monitor adapt.
  5. Do a sketch on the agricultural revolution
  6. Arya doesn’t go to Winterfell and heads for Westros while Bran arrives to Winterfell and after quoting „Chaos is a ladder“ Little finger leaves for Westros, Bran hands Littlefinger’s dagger to Sansa and explains what he knows about Littlefinger and Jon’s true name. Sansa decides to keep Jon’s true name a secret from the northerners for now since she doesn’t know how people will react knowing that the Lord of the North is related to The Mad King. When Littlefinger arrives to Westros he tries to advice Cercei on how to take the north in hopes Sansa will fall from power, Cercei sends an army to take over and Littlefinger goes with them. Meanwhile Bran tells everyone about the white walkers but no one believes him except for Sansa and Jon but they can’t convince people so Sansa seeks help from Tyrion, she explains Jon’s true name to him and he believes her so he tries to convince Daenerys to join them but she’s not convinced and is too busy planing her take on Westros to afford it, she only agrees to send a ship with enough dragon glass and very few of her men. Without any more options Jon trains his men while winter comes and the dead advances enough to be seen near Castle Black. By this point Littlefinger’s near the area and hears this, word comes to Cercei about these white walkers just as Daenerys is nearing Westros to attack. Cercei takes advantage of Tyrion being the hand of Daenerys and calls out a truce, after a long talk with Tyrion Daenerys agrees and both their armies are supposed to be fighting along side the northerns against the white walkers while in fact Cercei’s not sending any more soldiers than the ones that are at Littlefinger’s command. Back in Winterfell Littlefinger arrives with his army claiming they’re allies and that the whole kingdom is in a truce thanks to him, Jon and Sansa have to work with them and Jon heads to the wall leaving Sansa to rule the north, with all that’s going on Jon doesn’t know Littlefinger stays with her and only half of his army heads to the wall with them. With winter upon them the armies are sent beyond the wall while a few stay behind to meet with Daenerys who arrives near the Castle Black with her dragons, her only protection being Jora, Tyrion..and her dragons. Everyone’s in disbelief while Jon is called to meet Daenerys, she has her doubts about Jon’s true name and they fall into a disagreement since Daenerys doesn’t want all of her Dragons to participate in battle, after Tyrion explains that the dragons will possibly be their only advantage her only option is to accept the risk so all of them charge beyond the wall in the black of the night, but with the dark they can’t tell the difference between soldiers and white walkers, Rhaegal attacks a crowd where Jon’s being attacked and kills both the white walkers and the soldiers, Daenerys notices this and flies with Drogon to the spot where she knows Jon was fighting, Jon’s heavily wounded by the white walkers but he managed to survive Rhaegal’s fire so she takes him with Drogon’s help back to Castle Black for his wounds to be attended, convinced his her only family left. Rhaegal and Viserion are left to fight and they can only attack where there are lots of white walkers to prevent more soldiers from dying and they take a good amount out but Viserion is far enough to see the Night King, he charges after him but the knight king attacks with the spike, Viserion is turned a white walker, he is killing a lot of soldiers but soon he is fought by Rhaegal and the 2 die in this fight leaving only Drogon alive. Daenerys hears this and is in pain, in the middle of it all she realizes Cercei’s soldiers were small in number and blames Tyrion claiming he’s just trying to destroy her army so she banishes him, he has to obey and leaves her grieving and maddened. Back in Winterfell Littlefinger’s army is taking advantage of the few soldiers left behind and take over the north, Sansa surrenders without any choice. Word comes to Tyrion about Cercei’s army and he tries to level with Jamie about this scam, Jamie is trying to convince Cercei to give the throne away to prevent destruction from Daenerys‘ wrath. Cercei declines knowing that one dragon is easier to be defeated than 3, claiming Jamie’s still on Tyrion’s side she kills him in the spot with a sword though the heart delivered by the mountain, thinking his child is all she will need as a family she decides to send all of her men (including the ones in Winterfell) to protect the castle as she’s in the throne with the mountain as her guard, not going down without a fight. Meanwhile in Castle Black Jon’s better and showing sympathy to Daenerys, they bond over grief and he promises her he’ll fight by her side if they make it out alive, with this she reminds herself of her final goal and agrees to keep fighting this war. 3 armies are fighting against the white walkers and The Night king is outsmarted by Bran’s strategy who controls Drogon and kills him, his army falls along with him. Back in Winterfell lots of homes are being destroyed and Sansa’s being kept a prisoner, Littlefinger’s telling her that Jon’s dead because of a dragon and that he is her only chance of survival now that 2 potential rulers are their enemies, he proposes they join their people, Sansa says yes, knowing it’s useless to oppose him, so she goes free and Little finger’s named Lord of Winterfell with Sansa as his Lady, most of the allies are dissapointed and leave Winterfell convinced the Starks are weak, when they’re alone they’re making plans to pretend that Winterfell’s being conquered in the name of Cercei so they could invite her and kill her while she visits, but Sansa knows this can take years and that Cercei’s going to put a price on her head when she hears she’s a Lady, so she pretends to agree on this plan and while he’s turned his back on her she puts the dagger to his throat, he tries to persuade her telling her he’s on her side, he declares his love for her mother and her, he promises that he won’t kill her no matter the price, but she tells him she knows he betrayed his father, his blood turns cold and he keeps insisting she won’t survive without him, she’s done listening to him and slices his throat. Not long after she calls her few loyal men and declares war on the Lanister soldiers that are left, without their captain the small army that was left is defeated by the northerners. Back to Westros Jon accompanies Daenerys and they join armies to take over the Red Keep now that the white walkers are defeated, Daenerys tries her best to trust Jon despite what she’s been through but he has to follow her orders no matter how against them he is. They basically destroy the city with Drogon’s fire and Cercei’s explosives but they end up winning, the city’s filled with dead bodies from both armies and when they enter the throne room to look for Cercei she’s nowhere to be found. In the end she took Jamie’s advice and ran away after seeing Drogon destroy her army in one swipe, she knows it’s useless to fight now and finds Tyrion standing in her way, she explains Jamie died in battle and that she’s pregnant with his child while tears escape from her face, she blames him for Jamie’s death saying he basically committed suicide because he was so sure they would lose, Tyrion knows she’s come undone, he doesn’t want to see his whole family fade because of him, so he lets her get away and his only condition is to never show her face again, she leaves the room and reunites with the mountain as her guard to sail with Euron, she’s planning to convince him the child is his and maybe go back to conquer her kingdom once her army grows, but just as she think’s she’s safe the mountain kills her, who turns out to be Arya. Now with everything settled Danerys is in conflict since the throne technically belongs to Jon, he doesn’t want it and leaves for Winterfell to recollect his fallen lands leaving Daenerys to be the queen of ashes
  7. war ja klar,tage in vichy,in jeder anderen arschlochsprache,aber natürlich nicht in deutsch ihr arschlochkinder.